Albert Bandura Essay Example

Albert Bandura Paper Composing Assignment #1 Bandura, Ross, Ross (1961). Transmission of hostility through impersonation of forceful models In 1961, Bandura, D. Ross, and S. Ross led an investigation on 72 pre-younger students to look at and investigate the â€Å"Social Learning† hypothesis. The Social Learning hypothesis proposes that human conduct is observationally learned through demonstrating: from watching others, one structures a thought of how new practices are performed. They anticipated that subjects Method: Design: The members were picked by circumstance testing from Stanford University Nursery School. Members comprised of 36 young men and 36 young ladies, and two grown-ups, a male and a female, both being a good example. The members were separated into eight trial gatherings of six subjects each and a benchmark group comprising of 24 youngsters. Half of the exploratory members saw forceful models, while the other half were indicated nonaggressive models. These gatherings were then additionally partitioned into male and female subjects, and half of the youngsters in the forceful and non-forceful gatherings watched same-sexed models, while the other half saw other gender models. The benchmark group was not presented to any grown-up models The subjects were surveyed on four five-point rating scales by the experimenter and a teacher. These appraisals estimated the degree to which the kids showed verbal animosity, physical hostility, animosity toward personal items, and forceful hindrance. Strategy: Subjects were exclusively brought to the exploratory room and were accompanied to one corner of the room, which was their play territory. In the wake of seating the kid at a little table, the experimenter clarified how subjects could develop and configuration pictures with potato prints and picture stickers. The model then again was brought to the contrary corner of the room which comprised of a little seat, table, hammer, tinker toy set, and a 5-foot expanded Bobo doll. The experimenter disclosed to the model that the materials gave was to him/her to play with. With members in the forceful condition, the model gathered the handyman toys and depicted demonstrations of animosity towards the Bobo doll; the model ceaselessly punched the Bobo doll, utilized a hammer to hit the Bobo doll’s head, and hurled it up the air and kicked it. We will compose a custom article test on Albert Bandura explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Albert Bandura explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Albert Bandura explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Besides, the model scattered with verbally forceful remarks, for example, â€Å"Kick him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"Throw him noticeable all around. † Conversely, with subjects in the non-forceful condition, the model collected the handyman toys in a quiet detached way, and totally ignoring the Bobo doll. Besides, the model made non-forceful remarks, for example, â€Å"He sure is an extreme fella,† and â€Å"He holds returning for additional. † After 10 minutes, the experimenter educated the subject that he would now be brought to another game room. The subjects were then taken into another room loaded up with intriguing toys, a portion of a forceful kind, for example, a 3-foot Bobo doll, a hammer and a peg board, and some nonaggressive, for example, a tea set, pastels, and shading paper, a ball, and plastic livestock. The subjects were seen through a single direction mirror, and practices, for example, physical hostility, verbal animosity, and the occasions the hammer was utilized to strike the Bobo doll was evaluated. Results: Confounds inside investigation: There are negligible perplexing factors inside the trial as Bandura, Ross, and Ross utilized a research facility explore technique to lead their esearch. The use of a research facility analyze strategy permitted the experimenters to normalize conditions for all the subjects and gain more noteworthy control of unessential factors, which along these lines prompted a more grounded inward legitimacy. Inside legitimacy is how much a watched impact is because of the exploratory control instead of different factors, for example, unessential factors. Some conceivable puzzling factors were evaded and controlled. Right off the bat, the individual contrasts were constrained by guaranteeing subjects were appraised for animosity preceding the investigation. This dispenses with a potential incidental factor †singular contrasts in animosity. Also, the subjects inside the control and test bunches were coordinated for forcefulness to guarantee equivalent arrangements of the gatherings. Accordingly, the information couldn't be influenced by prior degrees of hostility; subsequently, causal connections can be made. Besides, all the subjects were marginally disappointed before outlining forceful conduct. The subjects were permitted to play with the appealing toys for a couple of moments until they were told by the experimenter that the toys were for other different youngsters. Consequently, the expansion in their passionate incitement was roughly equivalent, before they were allowed a chance to be forceful. Ultimately, the experimenter evaluated the forceful degrees of the members with a nursery teacher that was all around familiar with youngsters. This diminished the odds of subjectivity. Albeit the greater part of the unessential and jumbling factors were contemplated, there are some puzzling factors that may have slanted the outcomes. Since there is high control in a research center test, there is the chance of this prompting a thought up circumstance, and, lost genuine legitimacy. Accordingly, the issue of interest trademark may have happened. An interest trademark is when members know about the experimenter’s desire and how they are anticipated to carry on. Henceforth, members would change their conduct to fit the experimenter’s desire, which would bring about unrepresentative and invalid discoveries. The youngsters may have known about what was anticipated from them; one of the members said â€Å"Look Mummy, there’s the doll we need to hit† Noble (1975). Significance of the investigation to the field: Albert Bandura’s achievement in his test has permitted him to demonstrate and confirm the Social Learning hypothesis. The Social Learning hypothesis or observational learning is currently generally acknowledged as a helpful hypothesis in the field of brain science; it very well may be utilized to shape wanted and worthy practices and dispose of undesirable mentalities. Some unpredictable practices, for example, language, would likely never be learnt and created except if kids were presented to individuals who demonstrated them. Observational learning empowers kids to gather numerous reactions and practices in a huge assortment of settings where the models are playing out their every day exercises and schedules. A few instances of observational learning would be watching guardians peruse and compose, parent’s disposition and reaction toward a specific situation, moral conduct, and moral choices. Besides, Bandura has likewise built up a treatment called ‘’modeling therapy,† which is gotten from observational learning. The displaying treatment features the significance of learning through perception of good examples, and finding out about remunerations and discipline that follow conduct. The treatment has been demonstrated and is utilized to annihilate undesirable practices, fears, and tension issue. Bandura’s Social learning Theory is likewise applied for instructive purposes. Instructors have discovered that observational learning is a compelling educating device. Observational learning forms â€Å"greatly impact children’s adapting to struggle, dissatisfaction, scholastic stressors, and failure† (Zimmerman Schunk, 2003, p. 442). With information on observational learning, they can be cognizant and mindful of their activities, being cautious and sure that they are depicting an ethically right conduct to their understudies. Conventional behaviorists accepted that all living beings learned similarly; all conduct is found out through the earth, and this was clarified through operant and traditional molding. To put it plainly, the learning point of view was constrained to these procedures. The revelation and confirmation of the Social Learning hypothesis has contributed towards the general move of the learning point of view to fuse intellectual and social procedures; it exhibits that learning was not just founded on a lot of boost reaction affiliations. Moreover, the social learning hypothesis ventures into the subjective perspective’s domain, permitting advancement for increasingly powerful methods. The hypothesis can be viewed as a scaffold between the learning point of view and the subjective viewpoint, as it joins consideration and memory.

Leaman brother Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaman sibling - Research Paper Example ublish its fiscal summary so when the budget summaries were discharged to general society, the budget summaries may portray that the bank had cash and was paying its account holders (Hallman 1). When a time of seven or less days had passed and the record explanations were distributed, the bank repurchased sold resources. Anton Valukas was doled out the obligation of investigate the matter of Lehman Brother and uncover the explanations behind its tumble down. Valukas states that the Repo 105 exchange was first announced by Mathew Lee who was a representative of Lehman. Lee began by detailing the exchanges to the administration of Lehman and later revealed the discoveries to the organization’s reviewing firm, Ernst and Young and no moves were made (Hallman 1). When the firm could no longer enjoy Repo 105, it needed to begin portraying that it was exceptionally utilized and didn't have cash to take care of its obligation and eventually the bank sought financial protection. Because of this few partners needed to encounter material just as passionate misfortunes. The principle partners who were adversely affected incorporated the organizations that had loaned cash to the bank, the investors of the bank and its representatives. At the point when the organization failed there were in excess of 25000 representatives working for them and a significant level of them needed to encounter joblessness and social and mental related with it (Corelli 326). Moreover, the investors needed to lose their cash since the organization was not performing admirably and it has been recorded that because of the tumble down of the organization around $10 trillion assets were infused out of the value markets (Corelli 326). It is accepted yet not yet demonstrated that the CPA firm called Ernst and Young (E&Y) was associated with the money related extortion led by Lehman Brother. They are said to have been associated with the concealment of this misrepresentation. Because of these claims against the CPA firm a few common claims were recorded against the firm after the breakdown of Lehman Brothers. These claims

Jeff Santos Essays - Ethics, Criminal Law, Law, Codes Of Conduct

Jeff Santos 2/12/2018 Western Civilization Prof. Lurie Lex Talionis The Law of Reciprocity Lex talionis is a rule code that is found in the Babylonian law that says whereby a discipline takes after the offense submitted in kind and degree. It was felt that on the off chance that the general public was not kept this law, at that point individuals would consistently hope to look for vengeance on the individuals who hurt them. Now and again, it would prompt somebody's passing or demolition of one's family. That is if and just if the two were inside a similar societal position. Because of the entirety of this, Lex talionis is thought of or deciphered as Hammurabi's (1792-1750 BC) most loved line tit for tat or a tooth for a tooth. Hammurabi was one of the children during the First Babylonian Dynasty. Lex talionis likewise adheres to the law of precise correspondence and a case of this is if somebody somehow managed to go to execute someone else, at that point the criminal will be rebuffed by having their life taken in kind for murdering the other. This can likewise be decipher ed as law of reprisal. That being stated, a demise doesn't generally follow another passing. For whatever length of time that the counter is negligible in the wrongdoing, essentially anything is fine. For example, rather than a discipline prompting another passing, the criminal will pay an entirety esteemed of the existence he took and proceed onward with his life. Clearly, these kinds of cases are bound to happen as the advanced continues, where tit for tat gets old. Albeit exact discipline was the favored route back in the Mesopotamian Era, tit for tat was not generally the right style of going about it. As I would like to think there ought to have been exceptional types of correspondence as opposed to managing violations with more wrongdoings. Be that as it may, I do concur that discipline for a wrongdoing is an unquestionable requirement, however they ought to differ contingent upon the seriousness and the conditions of the wrongdoing itself. While parcels may feel that Lex talionis will be there control to relax the crime percentages, it can likewise set up dread into the general public where any seemingly insignificant detail can be culpable to the full outrageous that the law upholds. To include, an individual in force may likewise assume control over issues and accept activities however they see fit. Lex talionis has an amazingly meager line that doesn't give you much game-plan after a wrongdoing is submitted. There ought to be some sort o f adaptability in the degree of violations and discipline. Does murder and taking or lying have a similar discipline as one another? Murder and taking are two entirely unexpected wrongdoings so where the line in the sand ought to be drawn? By and large the line was not drawn yet for me all wrongdoings ought to be made a decision about dependent on the seriousness of the wrongdoing and the conditions of discipline ought to fluctuate. Including top sorts of violations, as per the Bible a falsehood is a transgression which would imply that lying would be a potential genuine discipline. So as to keep one from lying is to just cut their tongue off. Everybody has lied sooner or later of their life so all things considered, everybody in the town would stroll around without a tongue. Something else you need to consider is imagine a scenario where it was a kid playing out the demonstration of lying or taking. On account of taking, some of the time they don't probably won't have known any better. So I'm not catching this' meaning? Do they get their hand cut off simply like the rest? The kid has done nothing to be placed into the circumstance however it was just constrained into it as a result of the general public it lives in. In the kid's case, rather than mutilation, a superior choice might be to return what was taken. As I would see it you ought to rebuff the kid with some kind of work in light of the fact that general ly youngsters have a low hard working attitude and they would prefer not to work for anything particularly when they don't receive anything consequently. All things considered, a kid or young lady with a handicap will do nothing but bad for anybody.

Accounting Theory Ontology and Epistemology

Question: Examine about the Accounting Theory for Ontology and Epistemology . Answer: Presentation The paper looks at the metaphysics and epistemology of positive research and contrasted the equivalent and positive bookkeeping examination to reach references and inferences about the connection between human practices and bookkeeping settings in the general public. The point of the paper is to attempt a testing by the factual and theory strategies and empower making of significant inferences. The point of the pundits is to bring to spotlight the deficiencies and blemishes in the exploration models and strategies, every one of which is talked about with an adequate number of aftereffects of relapse and coefficients and this is the principle contention of the paper. Positive bookkeeping is broadly rehearsed nowadays thus whether it is accomplishing its points and destinations would merit testing. The representations from a couple of good papers are thought of and talked about. The genuine capability of positive bookkeeping may be freed in the Kuhnian emergency and upheaval, the possi bilities of which are examined. The conversation of the possibility gives a glaring case of the present situation. More or less, the pundits legitimize the genuine reasons with regards to why positive bookkeeping research has not had the option to accomplish its maximum capacity (Fogarty Markarian, 2007). Additionally, this likewise reveals insight into the weaknesses of positive bookkeeping. It is generally said that person is a sane creature. So human practices respond dependent on the conditions and circumstances and this doesn't ensure an equivalent human response even in two comparable circumstances. The primary contention of this paper depends on this human conduct and the request based on a logical research venture. The convictions of different religions are inspected and the logical research has presumed that the world is judiciously understandable (Spiceland et. al, 2011). The use of logical research in bookkeeping and the inadequacies in its usage are talked about. The paper targets expanding the adequacy of the positive research by offering a few proposals. The models from a couple of important research models are introduced (Ashton et. al, 2004). Such models come as an eye opener. These methodologies expect that people demonstration objectively yet not in all cases. Consequently, this is exposed to some constraint. Fukuyama likewise proposes that the essential idea of a sane human conduct is valid in 80% of the cases. The final products and desires are noteworthy. Accordingly this shows tool some flawed administration choices are being completed notwithstanding bringing up of the equivalent by the examiners. Consequently, obviously the administration doesn't totally mull over all the basics gave by the inspectors and subsequently, the outcomes convey a few insufficiencies (Lapsley, 2012). The factual and theory techniques are utilized to test the various circumstances of responses of evaluators progressively dependent on the sanity of individual supposition. Yet, this has to a great extent neglected to clarify the genuine explanations for the equivalent. The aftereffects of these speculation strategies are to a great extent reliant on the examples chose and consequently it neglects to accomplish its target. It gets decreased to insignificant articulations that set up connections between to factors however continuously there are a great deal of components and not only two factors (Frankel et. al, 2002). The major prerequisite is test speculations going up against one another instead of testing a solitary hypothesis for various conditions or theory. Testing various speculations will get huge as it will help in deciding the status and will prompt a projection of the genuine situation (Davila Foster, 2007). This paper centers that there is a requirement for better hypothetical models that are paid attention to more and are exceptionally determined and profoundly helpless. Aside from this, estimation strategies must be smarter to empower thorough testing. The testing ought to be without mistake and this should be possible when models are viable in nature. Solid associations with intermediaries must be built up which will prompt better straight connections and foundation of estimation ideas. This will guarantee that examination papers don't concentrate on theory testing alone. This prompts a significant move towards the estimation of parameters. Along these lines the improvement of estimation ideas is viewed as the better approach for a taught look into movement. The aftereffects of this will yield natural products if there is broad replication, both to affirm the precision of the estimations and to investigate the restrictions of the exploration. The exploration question in this article is to look at the adequacy of positive bookkeeping examination and whether there exists any rationale or set of predefined ideas dependent on which bookkeepers and reviewers act. This is discussed both for and against, the pundits possessing a significant part, however. The speculation tried is by taking examples of review expenses charged against the intricacy of the reviews and the size of the review firm. This quantitative research tests the premise on which the review expenses are charged, introduction methodologies by inspectors and utilization of relapse procedures which additionally structure a piece of the theory. Type I blunders are recognized in this model because of the elevated level of misspecification. The subjective research tests whether inspectors simply fill in the outcomes in the hypothetical system or likewise test the legitimacy and importance of the equivalent for the ebb and flow venture. Accordingly the basic research i nvestigation demonstrates that the speculation and testing can never be idiot proof and essentially attainable. The point of the speculation is just to demonstrate that the invalid theory isn't right however the outcomes are to a great extent dependent on the example. Thus this gives off an impression of being no nearer to the real world. This confirmations that theory testing gives feeble proof on the side of the elective speculation. This leads us to question the set up realities however we are horribly unconscious about which of the realities are valid and which not. Along these lines the estimation of speculation isn't exceptionally critical in the positive bookkeeping research. In this manner the writing audit of the paper is to test whether positive bookkeeping research is meeting its points and destinations and the subjective and quantitative research models are a token of the way that seeing hypotheses succeed is practically surprising. To put it plainly, the whole spotlight is on positive bookkeeping. Hypothetical Framework: It is the changing conduct of the bookkeeping firms and evaluators that lead to this examination and speculation. The general system of the bookkeeping calling is reliant and administered by a lot of rules to be kept like bookkeeping gauges, et cetera. In any case, the deviation from these guidelines and various practices in comparative circumstances is the main thrust behind this examination (Tinker et. al, 1982). The exploration goes about as a scaffold that will help in settling different circumstances. The hypothetical substance of the paper is to test the adequacy of positive bookkeeping research and factual and theory techniques are utilized for the equivalent. It is appropriate to make reference to that factual techniques have its own deficiencies and it is to a great extent administered by the theory conditions chose as the invalid speculation and the probabilities of the event. The aftereffects of this theory are generally reliant upon the examples picked which may not really be a genuine intelligent of the whole populace. So, the choice of the examples probably won't prompt a productive outcome in light of the fact that a said test can't be a marker of the whole populace. Henceforth, it experiences this restriction. Another downside of the theory is that just a single elective speculation is thought of and in the event that it is frail, at that point it may be steady with various hypotheses. The Significance and Limitations of the Article: The impediments of the testing techniques and speculation are all around clarified in the previous areas. To defeat these inadequacies, a progressively functional methodology must be embraced. The inadequacies of the testing strategies are in truth all around perceived by the creator as the pundit of the idea is introduced by the discoveries of different creators. The creator reaches hypothetical inferences from the exploration by utilizing the measurable strategies that positive bookkeeping research isn't accomplishing its points and targets. The aftereffects of the speculation demonstrate the sound conduct of bookkeepers and examiners who respond dependent on realities and conditions (Francis, 2006). These restrictions give us a vibe that the testing systems are a minor eyewash and don't prompt any important ends that could add to the development of positive bookkeeping research. It is appropriate to take note of that however the article talks about finally the restrictions of the theory techniques, it not diminish the centrality as the writer has likewise made a genuine endeavor to give answers for an effective positive research program like utilizing powerless models that are rigidly tried, utilization of expository demonstrating, an attention on estimation instead of testing, replication and more replication (Antle et. al, 2006). The article further goes down to clarify why things are this way and the presence of limitations, the stuff to make a hypothetically solid system. End The paper centers around the way that if positive bookkeeping research is having insufficiencies, it would not be defended to state that a paper ought not be distributed featuring its inconsistency. Positive bookkeeping isn't liberated from confinement and considering the training it glances troublesome practically speaking. The way that this speculation and testing is demonstrating aftereffects of abnormality is illustrative of the way that further research in perhaps the correct course is probably going to happen which will improve the nature of positive bookkeeping research and contribute to a great extent to the calling of bookkeeping and inspecting. Recognizing the way that air conditioner

The Secret to Getting Hired at McKinsey, BCG, or Bain

The Secret to Getting Hired at McKinsey, BCG, or Bain McKinsey Co, the Boston Consulting Group and Bain Co, also known as the MBB in short or the “Big Three,” are the three top firms in consulting and are some of the most coveted places to work.These firms are routinely contracted by some of the largest organizations and companies in the world, from The Vatican and British Airways to governments across the world.While all three help companies and organizations deal with various business challenges, there is some difference between the three.McKinsey Co is more focused on organization and operation work and strategy. Most of its clients are in the fields of Public Sector, Education and Telco.The Boston Consulting Group is more focused on business growth, innovation and corporate development.Bain Co is more focused on working with Private Equity funds and other principal investors.The Big Three only hire from the top business schools. If you are about to graduate from one of these schools and are thinking of going into consulting, you are probably targeting one of the big three.However, getting hired at one of the Big Three is not as easy as you might think.These firms only work with the best minds, and as such, there is a lot of competition for those getting looking to hired by one of these firms.In addition, the extensive experience you stand to gain as well as the competitive salaries do not make matters any easier. Source: EmolumentHOW HARD IS IT TO GET A JOB AT THE BIG THREE?Getting a job at one of the Big Three is quite difficult, owing to the high number of people who apply to these firms and their stringent conditions for hiring.For instance, according to former McKinsey managing director Dominic Barton, the firm receives about 200,000 applications from interested candidates, but only about 2,200 of them get hired.In other words, anyone applying to the firm only has a 1% chance of getting hired.In order to get hired at the MBB, you need to have an excellent academic record from a prestigious school, you need to have been exposed to a wide range of activities, both academic and co-curricular, you need excellent communication skills, analytical capabilities, and you need to have interest in many areas.Many of those applying to the MBB firms, however, will also have these characteristics.So, how do you set yourself apart from the other candidates and catch the eye of the HR people at these fir ms?Below are some tips on how to improve your chances of getting hired at McKinsey, BCG, or Bain.The tips are divided into two sections: how to get yourself invited to an interview, and how to pass the PST     and how to pass the interviews.HOW TO GET AN INTERVIEW AT MCKINSEY, BCG, OR BAINOf course, if you intend to work at one of the Big Three consulting firms, the first thing you need to do is make sure that you get invited to an interview.Earning yourself an invitation to interview at McKinsey, BCG, or Bain boils down to two key things.An Excellent Resume That is Short And to the PointWe have already seen that these firms receive hundreds of thousands of applications in a single year. With so many applications to screen, there is no doubt that your resume will have to pass through an Applicant Tracking System (ATS).Therefore, not only do you need a bullet-proof resume, you also need to make sure that the resume is well optimized for Applicant Tracking Systems.Your resume should i nclude the keywords and exact phrases used within the job description.You should also ensure that your summary statement contains these keywords.The section headers in your resume should use common names â€" such as Work Experience, Education, Skills, and so on â€" to ensure that the ATS easily understands what each section is about.You should also avoid using tables, columns, headers, and footers in your resume.Before analyzing your resume, an ATS usually strips out the formatting, therefore any information contained within columns, tables, headers, and footers can easily get lost.Even when your resume does go past the Applicant Tracking System, you should remember that it won’t be the only one to make it past the ATS. It will be in the company of several other resumes, which all have to be manually screened by the hiring department.Since these recruiters have limited time to go through all these resumes, you need to keep your resume short and to the point. Ideally, a one-page re sume should be enough.You have the option of accompanying your resume with a well-written cover letter, though there is a high chance the cover letter might get ignored.Consulting firms want to work with the best and the brightest minds, therefore your resume should mention your top grades in university.These firms also want candidates who can be quickly trained and deployed to do their jobs, therefore your resume should show that you have a knack for learning quickly.If possible, your resume should show that you are a problem-solver, since solving problems makes a large part of consulting jobs.Therefore, you should mention any situations where you were part of team that solved certain problems.If you mention such situations, you should be ready to be quizzed about them in case you make it to the interview stage.Other skills that you want your resume to show include leadership skills, interpersonal skills, analytical and quantitative skills, and entrepreneurial skills.Finally, if yo u have some experience, instead of focusing on the job titles you held or the roles you were expected to play, you should talk about what you achieved while holding those positions.All the above will increase your chances of making it past the resume screening stage, but if you really want to be invited to that interview, you also need to…Network Like CrazyNetworking is an important part of the job search process, and it’s even more important when you are trying to land a job at one of the Big Three consulting firms, and especially if you are trying to get in from another company.All the three MBB firms get majority of their candidates from the top business schools.Therefore, if you are trying to move from another company, the only way your application might get considered is to have someone from inside the MBB firm push your application for you.If possible, try to network with a senior colleague, since a reference from them can have a huge influence on your chances of getting i nvited for an interview.In addition to pushing your applications, having close ties with someone from the inside can help you get an idea of what it is like to work within these firms and what you need to do to increase your chances of getting hired.Former bankers and lawyers are more likely to be hired laterally, since they have already undergone some analytical training.Even if you already have the advantage of being a top student from one of the top universities, you still need to put a lot of effort into networking.In case there is a borderline case in determining who should get the interview, there is a high chance an internal team meeting will be held to determine who should be invited to the interview.In such situations, having someone on the inside to vouch for you can be very helpful.Therefore, even before your graduation, you should start networking and building relationships with senior level consultants (principal, partner, or director), so that you already have people t o vouch for you when the time comes.The best part is that, even if you don’t know anyone directly, you can still network extensively through LinkedIn.GETTING THROUGH THE PSTOnce your resume makes it through the screening process, you will be invited to the take the famous PST or problem solving test.The PST is a written test that is used by McKinsey Co to test the candidate’s inductive, deductive and quantitative reasoning skills, as well as their ability to quickly understand and solve business problems in a logical manner.The PST allows McKinsey to quickly screen a large pool of applicants with minimal cost and eliminate those that were not well prepared for the test.Any candidate that fails the PST tests has no chance of being invited to the first round of interviews.However, the role of the PST is not to simply weed out unprepared candidates.If you pass, your score in the PST will be used together with your performance in the interviews to determine whether you get the job or not.The McKinsey problem solving test is usually comprised of 26 multiple choice questions that the candidates are supposed to answer within 60 minutes.The questions are mostly math and logic questions, because these skills are the most essential for anyone working as a consultant.Actually, the main task for most consultants in junior positions involves one of the following tasks:Extracting data from text, tables and graphs in client documents.Transforming, interpreting and analyzing the data through mathematical computations.Summarizing and presenting their findings.The PST tests a candidate’s ability to perform these three kinds of tasks.As part of the PST, you will be presented with text documents, tables and graphs and required to quickly determine the useful data in them.From there, you will need to perform a quick analysis and interpretation of the data and determine the right answer.Finally, you will also be required to pick an answer that represents the best summary of the situation.By passing the PST, you will have proven that you are capable of performing well on the job.Most test cases are actually gotten from previous McKinsey projects, so the test is an almost-accurate representation of the kind of conditions you will come across once you get hired.One of the advantages of the PST is that it allows the firm to measure the abilities of each candidate against all the other candidates, since every candidate writes the exact same test.This provides the firm with an objective assessment of the candidates, rather than solely relying on interviews, which are more subjective in nature.While the PST is used for most entry-level candidates, sometimes you might be exempted from going through the test, especially if you were recruited on campus from a top MBA school.Sometimes, some lateral hires may also be exempted from the test, depending on their background (experience) and geography.Since there are no hard and fast rules used to determine whether you will have to take the PST, the best thing to do is to consult with the HR contact of your target location and confirm whether a PST will be part of your interview process.If you want to maximize your chances of passing the PST, you need to practice a lot.Most of the candidates who pass the PST usually practice for more than 30 hours prior to the actual test.When practicing, you want to try as much as possible to replicate the real conditions of the actual PST.This means that, when practicing, you should avoid using a calculator, since you won’t be allowed to use one during the actual test. You should not use any scrap papers either, as you won’t be allowed to do that during the PST.Finally, you should time yourself during your practice sessions and make sure you don’t use any more than 60 minutes.However, you can start by going through the tests without timing yourself to get used to the style of questions, but you should quickly move on to timed practice sessions so that you get used to answering them within the time frame you will be given during the actual test.Actually, most of the questions are not very tough.The greatest challenge lies in completing them within a limited amount of time, which is why you need to time yourself during practice.PASSING THE INTERVIEWOnce you take the PST and score higher than the cut off mark, you will now be invited to the interviews.At this stage, candidates are usually taken through two interviews: the case interview and the fit interview.The Case Interview Case interviews are another famous part of the interviewing and recruitment process at firms like McKinsey Co, Bain, and BCG.Just like with the PST, the aim of case interviews is to find out how capable you are at performing the job for which you will potentially be hired.During the case interview, the interviewer will provide a challenging business situations and ask you to come up with solutions to the challenge.For instance, you might be asked a question like , “One of our clients, SuperSoda, is planning to launch a new flavored sports drink known as Electro-Light. How do you estimate the market size for their new product?” As you answer the question, the interviewer might ask other related questions as a follow up to your response.When answering case interview questions, you are required to determine what the problem is, come up with a framework for solving the problem, request for any additional information that you might need to solve the question, and finally present your recommendation.Most case interview questions are meant to test the following:Numeracy â€" Is the candidate comfortable with numbers? How quickly can the candidate perform rough calculations and guesstimates? Is the candidate able to tie the numbers to the problem at hand, determine the implications of the numbers, and use them to come up with recommendations?Ability to break down challenges into individual components and solve each individually â€" Most consulti ng projects are quite enormous, and will often involve industries that a consultant has no prior experience in. In order to solve the challenges that come with such projects, a consultant will need to break the problem into smaller parts and work on each part individually. This is the only way to make such projects manageable, and is one of the most important skills for consultants.Creative thinking â€" Consultancy also requires a lot of creative thinking. A consultant needs to be able to move beyond the basic structures of handling a problem and come up with innovative solutions that might have eluded everyone else. When answering the case interviews, you should aim to wow your interviewer with innovative answers that they themselves might not have thought of.While the case interviews aim to test these three elements, it is good to note that the three different elements are not weighted equally.For instance, if your performance on the three elements is deemed to be average (you did not fail, but you were not outstanding either), there is a high chance you will not move through to the next round of interviews.Similarly, if you perform exceptionally in the first element but perform dismally in the other two, you are not likely to get through either. If, however, you perform exceptionally in the second or third element and have an average performance in the other two elements, this might be enough to see you through.In other words, you should aim to be outstanding in the second or third elements, because they are given greater importance than the first element.When giving your answers to the case interview questions, you also need to show some level of infectious excitement. Remember, the bulk of your job will involve dealing with such questions.As such, you need to show the interview, both through how you answer the questions and through your body language, that handling such questions is something you enjoy doing.If it comes across like the case interview ques tions are a chore to you, the interviewer will assume that you will treat your job the same way.Of course, no one wants to hire an employee who doesn’t love the job they have been hired to do.Aside from testing your numeracy, creative thinking, and ability to break problems into their constituent parts, case interviews will also help the interviewer evaluate your communication and presentation skills, verbal reasoning skills, and your commercial and business knowledge.Fit InterviewsOnce you pass the case interview, you will then be taken through the fit interview.The number of fit interviews you will go through will depend on the firm you are targeting.For instance, McKinsey Co takes its candidates through two to three rounds of fit interviews, unlike the other two firms.Fit interviews, also known as personal experience interviews (PEIs), are meant to evaluate whether a candidate’s skills, values, and personality are aligned with the organization’s environment and corporate c ulture.It also assesses the candidate’s leadership qualities, collaborative qualities and motivation.It’s good to note that the fit interview is as important as the other parts of the interview process.It is not uncommon to see candidates spend most of their time preparing for the PST and case interviews while totally neglecting the fit interviews, which are equally important.Failing the fit interview will lead to rejection, regardless of whether you actually performed well in the PST and case interview.As part of the fit interview, you will be asked to provide personal impact stories.These are essentially specific examples from your past experience that demonstrate some of the traits the fit interview is trying to assess, such as leadership skills, collaborative skills, and so on.Personal impact stories are often introduced using questions such as “Tell me about a time when” They could also be based off something on your resume.For instance, you might be asked to explain ho w you managed to attain an achievement stated on your resume.When it comes to providing personal impact stories, you should use the STAR technique, where you start by providing the Situation in which you did something, the Task you were assigned, the specific Action you took, and the Results you achieved as a result of your actions.To evaluate how motivated you are, the interviewer might ask you questions like “What made you decide to go into consulting?” or “What made you choose this firm and not a competitor?”Whereas case interviews and PSTs test your ability to do the job, the aim of the fit interview is to determine how motivated and ready you are to perform the job and make an impact.WRAPPING UPWith a success rate of just 1%, getting hired at the Big Three consulting firms does not come easy.First, you need to have an excellent academic record, excellent communication skills and exposure to a wide range of academic and co-curricular activities.To get invited to an inter view, you need a short but exceptional resume that will pass the ATS and at the same time present all your strengths at a glance.Having some senior consultants within your network will also increase your chances of getting an interview invitation.If your resume goes through, you should be prepared to ace both the PST and the case and fit interviews.I hope that, by making it clear what you need in order to get hired at McKinsey, BCG, or Bain, you are in a better position to start preparing for a career at one of these firms.

Child Abuse is a Reality - Free Essay Example

Domestic Violence is everywhere around the world, it is hard for victims to talk about the violence that happens to them. Consider how hard it is for children of all ages, try to cope with their parents being abused every day or even going through it. Looking for help can be difficult because they do not want anyone to know or even to cause more problems with the abuser and victim. The intended audience of this paper is for people who wants to try to help children get treatment on the trauma they experienced. Even people who are interested in learning the different types of abuse and ways of treating the trauma to help the family or the victim. The purpose of my research is to let people who deals with domestic violence with their children and people who are looking for treatment for the kids that helps children who has seen and dealt with the violence. I want to persuade the reader to help children who has been in or seen domestic violence, have a clear mindset as an adult so they can have a healthy life. The reader will be able to understand different ways to help and get a better understanding on children with trauma from domestic violence. Child abuse is when a caregiver or parent does an action of failing to act which causes injury, death, and emotional harm or risk a serious harm to child. There are different forms on how a child can be abused which is physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and child neglect. Physical abuse is when someone causes non- accidental injuries. Sexual abuse occurs when a child is used for sexual acts. Emotional abuse is when someone harms the child mental and social development or causes serve emotional harm. The last one is child neglect where the parent or caregiver does not give care or supervision, affection and support needed for a childs health, the different types of child neglect is physical neglect, emotional neglect, medical neglect and educational neglect (Help). Physical abuse deals with unexplained bruises on the child body that cannot be explained. Ways to diagnosis abuse is by seeing if there are injuries in various stages of healing, or suspicious injury patterns. Examples are bruises, bites, burns, fractures, abdominal trauma and head trauma is very common (K. Mcdonald 3). An example of physical abuse is battered child this is when a young child usually under the age of three, has been repeatedly beaten and neglected by their caretakers (Medicine). This is more common to see on children and adolescents because someone at home can have beaten them for no reason or just not taking care of the child. Emotional abuse is very hard to try and find within a child. Some ways you can probably spot that a child has been emotionally abused is by looking at what the child is doing. Examples that a child has been emotionally abused is they have a social withdrawal from not talking to anyone, excessive anger or aggression, eating disorders, failure to thrive, developmental delay and emotional disturbances (K. Mcdonald). There are many other ways to spot emotional abuse those are just examples of what you can see. Even though it is hard to spot there are ways you can treat the abuse by getting the parent educated and psychotherapy prevent child maltreatment. Sexual abuse is when a male or female mostly males touch or even rape a child without their consent. Once a child or adolescent tells you what has happen to them you should take them to be examine immediately by a doctor. Children who has been sexual abused might complain about dysuria (painful or difficult urination), anal or vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge or pain with defecation (Mcdonald).there are many risk with dealing with sexual abuse a child might become pregnant or even have a disease from the abuser. Neglect is hard for a child to develop starting at a young age this can bring them down when at school and see what everyone has that they dont have it makes them think they can steal or have an attitude with anyone they want because they do not have what others have. There are four ways that a child can be neglected is physical, emotional, educational, and medical neglect. Physical neglect is when there is a failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, hygiene, protection, or supervision. (K. Mcdonald) Emotional neglect is the failure to provide love, security, affection, emotional support, or psychological care when needed (K. Mcdonald). Educational abuse involves the lack of proper enrollment in school, lack of supervision of school attendance, or failure to meet essential educational needs (K. Mcdonald). The last is medical neglect is the delay in or refusal to seek medical care, resulting in damage to the childs wellbeing. (K. Mcdonald) There are many statistics with dealing with child abuse since it is so common in the different cultures, religions, and even throughout many countries some are worse than others in the countries. Starting with national statistics with dealing with child abuse. Child abuser reports involved 7.4 million children 74.8% of victims are neglected 18.2%victims are physically neglected 8.5% victims are sexually abused 6.9% victims are psychologically abused The highest rate of child abuse is under the age of one 24.8% per 1,000 28.5% of the victims are under the age of three years old 78.0% of child fatalities involve at least one parent. There are also the numbers who has abused and neglected children, which is very outrageous for what they have done to these children who has been abused. 83.4% perpetrators were between ages of 18 and 44 years of age .7% perpetrators were women 45.3% of perpetrators were men All my statics come from The Child Maltreatment statistics in the U.S. There are many signs you can tell that a child or even an adolescent has been abused, it can be hard at first but once you have examined their nature of the way they do things it can become clear that there might have been abusing to happen to them. Symptoms to look for in young children is anxiety, depression, loss of interest in school or friends, sleeping problems examples are nightmares or bedwetting, increased aggression, anger, spending more time alone, fighting at school, bullying or being bullied, and changes in appetite. (Domestic Violence and Children) These are some ways to notice abuse in young child who does not tell no one or is afraid to. There is also some difference when it comes to adolescents because they are older it can be harder for them to tell and find ways to cope at an older age. Some of the symptoms are drug or alcohol abuse, skipping school, changes in peer groups, new rebellious or oppositional behavior, declining grades, depression or anxiety, and loss of interest in school, friends or other things. (Domestic Violence and Children). Getting treatment can be another thing to help children and adolescents to become a better adult without having so much stress on their heart or even going down a dangerous path, but before they are able to get treatment they would need to be diagnosis first. Many people think that child abuse is not important because it cannot be real or it is just discipline their child. There could be false allegation of child abuse which is more common than people think epically in dysfunctional families and parents who cannot work things out. Also, the injuries that are shown up on a child is caused by an accident of children rough housing or even acting reckless examples of these are riding a bike and helping the child push off and they fall and scrap their knee on accident. Parents have the right to discipline their child in the way that they choose that is reasonable and no bodily injury, it can sometimes cause minor bruising. (Defenses) For a child to be diagnosis is by physical exam which includes evaluating injuries or signs and symptoms of suspected abuse or neglect, lab test, x-rays, information about the child medical and development history, description or observation of the child behavior, observing interactions between parents or caregivers, discussions with parents or caregivers, and talking when possible with the child (Clinic). This can help you determine what type of abuse that they child has gone through. There are many ways to get help with the domestic violence that has happened to the child, but the two most common therapy routes are child-parent psychotherapy and trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Child- parent psychotherapy is where the treatment focuses on improving the parent child relationship and building a stronger attachment between child and parent (Clinic). Trauma- focused cognitive behavioral therapy helps a child who has been abused to better manage distressing feelings and tra uma related memories. (Clinic).Also having group therapy with others that have been through the same thing you have been through can help you get through it with ease because they know others have been through it also. Group Therapy works best with victims that have been sexually abused, it provides increasing empowerment and psychological well-being, it can also provide a supportive environment that facilities development of trust which leads it the ability to connect with others again. (Sinanan). Some children who have been abused are afraid to tell anyone because they think they will be blamed or no one will believe them. Also, a child who has been abused needs special support and treatment early as possible. Preventing abuse can be hard when you do not know what is going on at home with the child and the parent. But there are ways that you can prevent some of the abuse from happening is teaching the abused victim how to cope with what is going on including their anger and frustration without having to vent to anyone. Also, you can prevent things from happening is personal supervision on the child activates. And teaching them the basic rules of safety in a non-threating matter. (Children).Ways that you can help victims and ways that the victim can help their self is by calling a hotline that is open 24 hours a day such as 1-800-4-A-CHILD. (Health) Throughout the essay the common ground that is find is that both people who think child is abuse is important and the people who do not think it is really child abuse can agree that they have to take a look at what the child is doing to be able to determine is this a serious situation that deals with child abuse and the different marking that is done to them. Having to see if the child has big bruises and not just doing right in school or having a hard time emotionally can determine the outcomes of what it can really be about and what level and emergency needs to be sought out. In conclusion child abuse affects a lot of children all over the world even if no one know and without the child telling an adult of what happened to them they can be affected in the long run. Having to keep hold of a secret like that is no good to victims because things will start to go downhill in the matter of years that they might regret in the future.

How To Use Past Participles in Spanish

In both Spanish and English, past participles can come in handy. Not only can they be used as verbs, and not just for speaking about the past, they can also be adjectives and even nouns. Past Participles Behave Similarly in Spanish and English The past participles in the two languages have similar origins, so they are not only similar in function, but also vaguely similar in the way they are formed. In English, the past participle for regular verbs is formed by adding -ed to the end. In Spanish, the past participle for regular verbs is formed by adding -ado to the stem of -ar verbs or -ido to the stem of -er or -ir verbs. To use a few examples of words that are similar in both languages, the past participle of to select is selected, and the past participle of seleccionar is seleccionado. The past participle of to exert is exerted; the Spanish equivalents are ejercer and ejercido. And just as the past participle of to comprehend is comprehended, the past participle of comprender is comprendido. Unfortunately for the learner, both languages have irregular past participles that dont always seem logical, and these need to be learned individually. (Examples of irregular English participles are broken, said, and gone.) Among the common Spanish irregular participles are abierto (opened, from abrir, to open), dicho (said, from decir, to say), escrito (written, from escribir, to write), hecho (done or made, from hacer, to make or to do), and puesto (put, from poner, to put), Using Past Participles To Form Perfect Tenses As a verb form, the most common use of the past participle in the two languages is to form what are known as the perfect tenses (they are called perfect because they refer to actions that have been or will be completed). In English, the perfect tenses are those formed by using a form of the auxiliary verb to have and following it with the past participle; in Spanish, theyre formed by using a conjugated form of haber (haber and this usage of to have come from similar origins) and following it with the past participle. He ido. (I have gone.)Habrà ¡ salido. (He will have left.)Habà ­a estado enferma. (She had been sick.)Habrà ­a trabajado. (I would have worked.) Using Past Participles To Form Adjectives As in English, many past participles can be used as adjectives. As adjectives, they agree with the nouns they describe in both number and gender; plurals have an s added, and in the feminine form the final o is changed to a. Because of differences in which participles can be used as adjectives, the Spanish participles cant always be translated directly to English as an adjective. Hay tres personas heridas. (There are three wounded people.)La oficina tiene dos puertas abiertas. (The office has two open doors.)Estamos cansados. (Were tired.)Comprà © la casa renovada. (I bought the renovated house.)Espero que el bebà © està ¡ dormido. (I hope the baby is sleeping.)Los viajeros llegados fueron al restaurante. (The passengers who had arrived went to the restaurant. The arriving passengers went to the restaurant.)La ventana està ¡ rota. (The window is broken.) Using Past Participles as Nouns Because Spanish adjectives, especially those that are used as descriptive terms, can fairly freely be used as nouns, past participles are frequently used as nouns in Spanish. Past participles sometimes can became feminine nouns, thus ending in -a, when they become nouns. (The same thing can happen in English, but less frequently.) Usually, the meaning of the noun can be easily predicted from the meaning of the verb. For example, the past participle of desaparacer (to disappear) is desapracido (disappeared). So a desaparacido or desaparacida is someone who has disappeared or a missing person. Similarly, pintar means to paint something, so a pintada is the act of painting. Sometimes the noun has a meaning related to the verbs meaning but isnt readily predictable out of context. For example, the past participle of ver (to see) is the irregular visto (seen). A vista is a view, especially a scenic one. Similarly, vestir is the verb for getting dressed, and vestido can refer to some types or clothing or mean apparel. Using Past Participles for Passive Sentences Just as the passive voice in English can be formed by following to be with a past participle, the same can be done in Spanish by using a form of ser followed by the past participle. This construction should not be overused, as it is much less common in Spanish than in English, and it is even less common in speech than in writing. As the examples below show, the passive voice is a way of showing that a noun was acted upon without directly saying who or what performed the action. In such sentences, the past participle functions like an adjective in that it agrees with the subject in both number and gender. Fue descubierto. (It was discovered.)Fueron descubiertos. (They were discovered.)El libro serà ¡ publicado. (The book will be published.)La cancià ³n serà ¡ grabada. (The song will be recorded.)Los nià ±os serà ¡n vistos. (The children will be seen.)Las nià ±as serà ¡n vistas. (The girls will be seen.) Key Takeaways In both English and Spanish, past participles are a type of word that has characteristics of both nouns and adjectives.Regular Spanish past participles end in -ado for -ar verbs and -ido for -er and -ir verbs.When serving as adjectives, Spanish participles must match the nouns they refer to in number and gender.